Americans are so addicted to lists that they publish a Book of Lists. Idly reading the list of ten favourite books started me thinking what mine would be.
Immediately I hit a difficulty; do series count as one book or should one choose one volume? Jeeves and Blandings, Sherlock Holmes, Rumpole of the Bailey, Flashman, Hornblower - they are all favourites but I would struggle to choose any one title.
I’ll start with single volumes, then let’s see where we get.
A favourite book has to bear frequent re-reading. On that basis Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is my number one, the story of two runaways, a white boy - aged maybe 13 or so, son of the town drunk - and Jim, a slave, floating down the Mississippi on a raft through the slave states of pre-civil war America.
They meet up with all sorts of characters, some decent, many anything but, and the action swings back and forth between peaceful but comic philosophising and violent action and danger.
Huckleberry has no moral motive for helping Jim escape; just the opposite, he thinks he is doing wrong. When he decides not to give Jim over to slave hunters he thinks it will send him to hell. He is not ‘a low-down ab’litionist’. Twain’s brilliance is to show the horror of slavery without preaching. Even at the end of the book there is no sign that Huck’s feeling about slavery has changed. I first read Huckleberry Finn as a teenager. It is a sequel to Tom Sawyer and a rare example of a sequel better than the original.
Number two is another book about a raft, but Kon Tiki is as different from Huckleberry Finn as it is possible for a book to be.
Author Thor Heyerdahl has a theory that the Polynesian islands of the South Pacific were populated by people from Peru who escaped westwards from some unknown threat on mighty balsawood rafts. With a group of fellow Scandinavians he puts his theory to the test by building such a raft and sailing it to Polynesia. It is named Kon Tiki after a pagan god of the Polynesians.
Other ethnologists think this is nonsense but to me that doesn’t matter. The journey of the Kon Tiki is an idyll. There are no conflicts between the crew. They share some hardships, of course, and finally crash into a South Sea island where they get on fine with the natives who are gratified that an ancestral god has been recognised.
The only discordant part is when Heyerdahl gets alarmed that Kon Tiki might be undoing the work of missionaries. As Christian missionaries caused disaster wherever they went I’d have encouraged them.
Kon Tiki can be seen in an Oslo museum. Heyerdahl made more journeys, including ones in boats built of reeds to show that the Egyptians could have got to South America, but none matches Kon Tiki.
Number three is Stalingrad by Anthony Beevor. It tells the story, terrible, ennobling, sick-making by turns, of the pivotal battle of World War II compared to which which El Alamein little more than a skirmish.
It starts with the Russians reeling back under the Wehrmacht’s onslaught until they make a stand at Stalingrad. It becomes a symbol to both sides, of resistance to the Russians, of the defeat of Communism to the Germans. Stalin orders that the city named after him should be held at all costs and he means it. The number of Russians shot by their own side for cowardice or desertion is equivalent to a division - about ten thousand men.
The fighting continues hand-to-hand through the much fought-over ruins. Vainglorious Goering promises he can supply the Sixth Army by air, but fails and out of sight sight of the Germans, new Russian divisions are being prepared to be thrown into the Kessel - the cauldron. Hitler knows the game is up but expects his Army Commander to die rather than surrender. Von Paulus doesn’t agree and surrenders the remnants of his 600,000-strong army. They are marched away into the hinterland. Only 600 ever make it back to Germany, years after the war is over.
It takes skillful writing to make sense of battles to the non-military mind but Stalingrad is fairly easy to understand. Beevor’s book draws convincing pictures of what it was like for the soldiers on each side. It is difficult to feel much sympathy for Stalin, and impossible for Hitler, but one can for the soldiers doomed to fight the most hellish battle of World War II.
Equal third is Paths of Glory, Alistair Horne’s masterly account of the Battle of Verdun in 1916, a generation before Stalingrad, but not dissimilar in some respects. In February 1916 Verdun, a legendary fortress to the French, is a backwater to the battles raging elsewhere along the Western Front, but secretly the Germans are bringing up artillery and fresh divisions, hiding them in the forests of the Argonne. The calculation of the German commander is that the fall of Verdun would be a psychological hammer blow to the French.
At first it looks as though he will succeed. The Germans blast a gaping hole in the French line. But gradually the line coalesces and the French hold on. Division after division is hurled into the ’sausage machine’ as it is called by the French soldier. Verdun causes the British to launch the Somme battle to take pressure off the French and that leads to the worst one day loss of soldiers lives - nearly 20,000 - in Brtitish history. Verdun does not fall and eventually the Germans are fought to a standstill. It is estimated that every metre of land they gained cost ten lives and skeletons are still being dug up weekly in the forests that have been grown over the battlefield.
I visited Verdun in the late seventies with Horne’s book in hand. On the ramparts of the Citadel I notice a very old but spry Frenchman with two younger men I take to be his sons. He gazes over the battlefield with a far away look and a slight smile, but is that a tear in his eye or just the cold wind making it water?
Books like Stalindgrad and Paths of Glory do not lead one to be ‘ardent for some desperate glory’ in Wilfred Owen’s words. They teach that military victory is usually transient and if politicians and generals remembered that there would be fewer people dying on barbed wire, or in napalm or by suicide bombers.
Time for a decision. What do I say about PG Wodehouse? He wrote an enormous number of books, I think about 90, and his works are being republished in their entirety. My daughters, who find me impossible to buy presents for, are ecstatic. Problem solved until the books run out.
Even taking Wodehouse in series - Jeeves, of course, and Blandings and the golf stories and Mr Mulliner - would fill half the list. But I nominate the lesser-known Ukridge series. Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge is a big, dishevelled chap - a bit like Boris Johnson, I imagine - always with slightly dishonest schemes for making money to relieve his chronic penury (not like Boris). Of course, they always come unstuck and Ukridge lands himself on a long-suffering friend, the narrator. I suspect Wodehouse drew on an acquaintance when writing the Ukridge stories; he comes alive in a way that Jeeves and Wooster and the cast of Blandings don’t quite. So Ukridge is number five.
Number six is a more recent fictional invention. Flashman, the later adventures of the bully of Tom Brown’s Schooldays, by George Macdonald Fraser who died quite recently. The dastardly Flashman has no sexual morals and few of any other kind. Macdonald Fraser wrote 13 Flashmans and it is difficult to choose a favourite, but perhaps Royal Flash, a reworking of The Prisoner of Zenda, is the one I have re-read most.
The Pickwick Papers at number seven narrowly beats Great Expectations for my Dickens preference. It was originally published in episodes and I found a first edition in the original parts in Australia a couple of years ago. I was tempted to buy them but I phoned a bookseller in Bedford for advice. He put me off by telling me all the things to watch out for before parting with a considerable amount of cash. I decided not to buy but I still reread Pickwick.
That’s seven down and we have no detectives yet. My choice lies between Sherlock Holmes and Raymond Chandler’s Philip Marlowe. Holmes shades it for being endlessly re-readable although many early plots are repeated in later stories. My favourite is the Hound of the Baskervilles which retains its impact even after the umpteenth reading.
Number nine is England, their England, a ‘roman a clef’, i.e. a fictionalisation of real people. Its author, AG McDonnell, was one of the London bohemian literary set between the wars. Some of his characters are identifiable even today, such as Alec Waugh, lesser known author brother of Evelyn, but it scarcely matters. England, their England is almost always funny and sometimes outright hilarious. My English teacher once read aloud the chapter on the village cricket match, in which the delivery of the last ball takes three pages to describe, and had the whole class helpless with laughter.
All satires date but this one can be enjoyed even if one knows nothing of the people it satirises. McDonnell wrote other books but England, their England is the only one to score a long-term success.
Number ten is out-of-print and hardly anybody will have heard of it. The Secret Roads by Israeli brothers Jon and David Kimche tells the story of the ingathering of Jews into what became Israel. Whatever one’s views about what Israel has become, this part of the story is moving and heroic by turns.
Jews fleeing the Nazis find the doors of potential refuges slammed against them. Only Palestine, controlled by the British, offers some hope of escape. But the British, after having first welcomed Zionism, are now fearful of the reaction of the indigenous Palestinians to this influx of strangers. They, too, slam the gates.
As the war ends, the survivors of the holocaust creep out of the death camps. Some return to their homes but many, especially those from Eastern Europe, find them occupied by other people. In one Polish town, a hundred survivors of the death camps are massacred when they try to reclaim their own homes. Again, Palestine beckons, and this time the Jews of Palestine, hardened by having fought in the war, are determined to bring them in by any means possible.
Reading The Secret Roads should not blind one to the Palestinian tragedy. The horrible irony is that the Israelis have turned from persecuted to persecutors. One needs to balance ‘The Secret Roads’ by reading one of the many books telling the other side. Probably the best is Karl Sabbagh’s ‘Palestinians’.
But whatever happened later, I find it impossible to condemn those who, having suffered more atrociously than anybody else in the 20th Century, sought a place where they could stand up straight and say, ‘I am a Jew; I am a man’.
I fear that the story can only end in even more tragedy for two tragic peoples. The Kimches’ book reminds one why Israel exists; Sabbagh’s book tells of the injustices that existence has caused.
So my list is:
1) Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
2) Kon Tiki by Thor Heyerdahl
3=) Stalingrad by Anthony Beevor; Paths of Glory by Alastair Horne
5) The Ukridge stories by PG Wodehouse
6) Royal Flash by George Macdonald Fraser
7) The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle
8) The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens
9) England, Their England by AG McDonnell
10)The Secret Roads by John and David Kimche
Notice, no Hobbits or any other fantasy, nor Sci-Fi, but if I were to extend the list, Douglas Adams’ Hitchiker’s Guide to the Galaxy would be in 11th place.
Anybody care to comment or share their list?